FORMS 4.0
01. Give the Types of modules in a form?
Form
Menu
Library
02. Write the Abbreviation for the following File Extension
1. FMB 2. MMB 3. PLL
FMB ----- Form Module Binary.
MMB ----- Menu Module Binary.
PLL ------ PL/SQL Library Module Binary.
03. What are the design facilities available in forms 4.0?
Default Block facility.
Layout Editor.
Menu Editor.
Object Lists.
Property Sheets.
PL/SQL Editor.
Tables Columns Browser.
Built-ins Browser.
04. What is a Layout Editor?
The Layout Editor is a graphical design facility for creating and arranging items and boilerplate text and graphics objects in your application's interface.
05. BLOCK
05. What do you mean by a block in forms4.0?
Block is a single mechanism for grouping related items into a functional unit for storing,displaying and manipulating records.
06. Explain types of Block in forms4.0?
Base table Blocks.
Control Blocks.
1. A base table block is one that is associated with a specific database table or view.
2. A control block is a block that is not associated with a database table.
ITEMS
07. List the Types of Items?
Text item.
Chart item.
Check box.
Display item.
Image item.
List item.
Radio Group.
User Area item.
08. What is a Navigable item?
A navigable item is one that operators can navigate to with the keyboard during default navigation, or that Oracle forms can navigate to by executing a navigational
built-in procedure.
09. Can you change the color of the push button in design time?
No.
10. What is a Check Box?
A Check Box is a two state control that indicates whether a certain condition or value is on or off, true or false. The display state of a check box is always either "checked" or "unchecked".
11. What are the triggers associated with a check box?
Only When-checkbox-activated Trigger associated with a Check box.
PL/SQL
Basiscs of PL/SQL
1. What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
2. What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.
3. What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
4. What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Execption part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
5. What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?
Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN.
Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.
6. What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are :
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
7. What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different
table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type
);
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
8. What is PL/SQL table ?
Objects of type TABLE are called "PL/SQL tables", which are modelled as (but not the same as) database tables, PL/SQL tables use a primary PL/SQL tables can have one column and a primary key.
Cursors
9. What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
10. Explain the two type of Cursors ?
There are two types of cursors, Implict Cursor and Explicit Cursor.
PL/SQL uses Implict Cursors for queries.
User defined cursors are called Explicit Cursors. They can be declared and used.
11. What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR cursor name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
12. What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows featched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are featched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has featched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceded with SQL for Implict Cursors and with Cursor name for Explict Cursors.
13. What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index,opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes
when all the records have been processed.
eg. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
14. What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
15. Explain the usage of WHERE CURRENT OF clause in cursors ?
WHERE CURRENT OF clause in an UPDATE,DELETE statement refers to the latest row fetched from a cursor.
Database Triggers
16. What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modificateions, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
17. How many types of database triggers can be specified on a table ? What are they ?
Insert Update Delete
Before Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
Before Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
If FOR EACH ROW clause is specified, then the trigger for each Row affected by the statement.
If WHEN clause is specified, the trigger fires according to the retruned boolean value.
18. Is it possible to use Transaction control Statements such a ROLLBACK or COMMIT in Database Trigger ? Why ?
It is not possible. As triggers are defined for each table, if you use COMMIT of ROLLBACK in a trigger, it affects logical transaction processing.
19. What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
20. What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
21. Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.
I & ii.
Exception :
22. What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user_defined. Some of Predefined execptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
23. What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error.
e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
24. What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
25. What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ?
SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occured.
SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.
26. Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
27. What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
28. What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is alway returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
29. What are advantages fo Stored Procedures /
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
30. What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
31. What are the two parts of a procedure ?
Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.
32. Give the structure of the procedure ?
PROCEDURE name (parameter list.....)
is
local variable declarations
BEGIN
Executable statements.
Exception.
exception handlers
end;
33. Give the structure of the function ?
FUNCTION name (argument list .....) Return datatype is
local variable declarations
Begin
executable statements
Exception
execution handlers
End;
34. Explain how procedures and functions are called in a PL/SQL block ?
Function is called as part of an expression.
sal := calculate_sal ('a822');
procedure is called as a PL/SQL statement
calculate_bonus ('A822');
35. What is Overloading of procedures ?
The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures.
e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line
36. What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ?
Package is a database object that groups logically related procedures.
The advantages of packages are Modularity, Easier Applicaton Design, Information. Hiding,. reusability and Better Performance.
37.What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY.
Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema.
Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
38. What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
39. How packaged procedures and functions are called from the following?
a. Stored procedure or anonymous block
b. an application program such a PRC *C, PRO* COBOL
c. SQL *PLUS
a. PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters);
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
EXEC SQL EXECUTE
b.
BEGIN
PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters)
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
END;
END EXEC;
c. EXECUTE PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE if the procedures does not have any
out/in-out parameters. A function can not be called.
40. Name the tables where characteristics of Package, procedure and functions are stored ?
User_objects, User_Source and User_error.
FORMS4.0
12. what is a display item?
Display items are similar to text items but store only fetched or assigned values. Operators cannot navigate to a display item or edit the value it contains.
13. What is a list item?
It is a list of text elements.
14. What are the display styles of list items?
Poplist, No text Item displayed in the list item.
Tlist, No element in the list is highlighted.
15. What is a radio Group?
Radio groups display a fixed no of options that are mutually Exclusive .
User can select one out of n number of options.
16. How many maximum number of radio buttons can you assign to a radio group?
Unlimited no of radio buttons can be assigned to a radio group
17. can you change the default value of the radio button group at run time?
No.
18.What triggers are associated with the radio group?
Only when-radio-changed trigger associated with radio group
Visual Attributes.
19. What is a visual attribute?
Visual Attributes are the font, color and pattern characteristics of objects that operators see and intract with in our application.
20. What are the types of visual attribute settings?
Custom Visual attributes
Default visual attributes
Named Visual attributes.
Window
21. What is a window?
A window, byitself , can be thought of as an empty frame. The frame provides a way to intract with the window, including the ability to scroll, move, and resize the window. The content of the window ie. what is displayed inside the frame is determined by the canvas View or canvas-views displayed in the window at run-time.
22. What are the differrent types of windows?
Root window, secondary window.
23. Can a root window be made modal?
No.
24. List the buil-in routine for controlling window during run-time?
Find_window,
get_window_property,
hide_window,
move_window,
resize_window,
set_window_property,
show_View
25. List the windows event triggers available in Forms 4.0?
When-window-activated, when-window-closed, when-window-deactivated,
when-window-resized
26. What built-in is used for changing the properties of the window dynamically?
Set_window_property
Canvas-View
27. What is a canvas-view?
A canvas-view is the background object on which you layout the interface items (text-items, check boxes, radio groups, and so on.) and boilerplate objects that operators see and interact with as they run your form. At run-time, operators can see only those items that have been assiged to a specific canvas. Each canvas, in term, must be displayed in a specfic window.
28. Give the equivalent term in forms 4.0 for the following.
Page, Page 0?
Page - Canvas-View
Page 0 - Canvas-view null.
29. What are the types of canvas-views?
Content View, Stacked View.
30. What is the content view and stacked view?
A content view is the "Base" view that occupies the entire content pane of the window in which it is displayed.
A stacked view differs from a content canvas view in that it is not the base view for the window to which it is assigned
31. List the built-in routines for the controlling canvas views during run-time?
Find_canvas
Get-Canvas_property
Get_view_property
Hide_View
Replace_content_view
Scroll_view
Set_canvas_property
Set_view_property
Show_view
Alert
32. What is an Alert?
An alert is a modal window that displays a message notifies the operator of some application condition
33. What are the display styles of an alert?
Stop, Caution, note
34. Can you attach an alert to a field?
No
35. What built-in is used for showing the alert during run-time?
Show_alert.
36. Can you change the alert messages at run-time?
If yes, give the name of th built-in to chage the alert messages at run-time.
Yes. Set_alert_property.
37. What is the built-in function used for finding the alert?
Find_alert
Editors
38. List the editors availables in forms 4.0?
Default editor
User_defined editors
system editors.
39. What buil-in routines are used to display editor dynamicaly?
Edit_text item
show_editor
LOV
40. What is an Lov?
A list of values is a single or multi column selection list displayed in
a pop-up window
41. Can you attach an lov to a field at design time?
Yes.
42. Can you attach an lov to a field at run-time? if yes, give the build-in name.
Yes. Set_item_proprety
43. What is the built-in used for showing lov at runtime?
Show_lov
44. What is the built-in used to get and set lov properties during run-time?
Get_lov_property
Set_lov_property
Record Group
45. What is a record Group?
A record group is an internal oracle forms data structure that has a simillar column/row frame work to a database table
46. What are the different type of a record group?
Query record group
Static record group
Non query record group
47. Give built-in routine related to a record groups?
Create_group (Function)
Create_group_from_query(Function)
Delete_group(Procedure)
Add_group_column(Function)
Add_group_row(Procedure)
Delete_group_row(Procedure)
Populate_group(Function)
Populate_group_with_query(Function)
Set_group_Char_cell(procedure)
48. What is the built_in routine used to count the no of rows in a group?
Get_group _row_count
System Variables
49. List system variables available in forms 4.0, and not available in forms 3.0?
System.cordination_operation
System Date_threshold
System.effective_Date
System.event_window
System.suppress_working
50. System.effective_date system variable is read only True/False
False
51. What is a library in Forms 4.0?
A library is a collection of Pl/SQL program units, including user named procedures, functions & packages
52. Is it possible to attach same library to more than one form?
Yes
53. Explain the following file extention related to library?
.pll,.lib,.pld
The library pll files is a portable design file comparable to an fmb form file
The library lib file is a plat form specific, generated library file comparable to a fmx form file
The pld file is Txt format file and can be used for source controlling your library files
Parameter
54. How do you pass the parameters from one form to another form?
To pass one or more parameters to a called form, the calling form must perform the following steps in a trigger or user named routine excute the create_parameter_list built_in function to programatically.
Create a parameter list to execute the add parameter built_in procedure to add one or more parameters list.
Execute the call_form, New_form or run_product built_in procedure and include the name or id of the parameter list to be passed to the called form.
54. What are the built-in routines is available in forms 4.0 to create and manipulate a parameter list?
Add_parameter
Create_Parameter_list
Delete_parameter
Destroy_parameter_list
Get_parameter_attr
Get_parameter_list
set_parameter_attr
55. What are the two ways to incorporate images into a oracle forms application?
Boilerplate Images
Image_items
56. How image_items can be populate to field in forms 4.0?
A fetch from a long raw database column PL/Sql assignment to executing the read_image_file built_in procedure to get an image from the file system.
57. What are the triggers associated with the image item?
When-Image-activated(Fires when the operator double clicks on an image Items)
When-image-pressed(fires when the operator selects or deselects the image item)
58. List some built-in routines used to manipulate images in image_item?
Image_add
Image_and
Image_subtract
Image_xor
Image_zoom
59. What are the built_in used to trapping errors in forms 4?
Error_type return character
Error_code return number
Error_text return char
Dbms_error_code return no.
Dbms_error_text return char
60. What is a predefined exception available in forms 4.0?
Raise form_trigger_failure
61. What are the menu items that oracle forms 4.0 supports?
Plain, Check,Radio, Separator, Magic
FORMS4.5
object groups
01. what ia an object groups?
An object group is a container for a group of objects, you define an object group when you want to package related objects. so that you copy or reference them in another modules.
02. what are the different objects that you cannot copy or reference in object groups?
objects of differnt modules
another object groups
individual block dependent items
program units.
canvas views
03. what are different types of canvas views?
content canvas views
stacked canvas views
horizontal toolbar
vertical toolbar.
04. explain about content canvas views?
Most Canvas views are content canvas views a content canvas view is the "base" view that occupies the entire content pane of the window in which it is displayed.
05. Explain about stacked canvas views?
Stacked canvas view is displayed in a window on top of, or "stacked" on the content canvas view assigned to that same window. Stacked canvas views obscure some part of the underlying content canvas view, and or often shown and hidden programmatically.
06. Explain about horizontal, Vertical tool bar canvas views?
Tool bar canvas views are used to create tool bars for individual windows Horizontal tool bars are display at the top of a window, just under its menu bar.
Vertical Tool bars are displayed along the left side of a window
07. Name of the functions used to get/set canvas properties?
Get_view_property, Set_view_property
Windows
07. What is relation between the window and canvas views?
Canvas views are the back ground objects on which you place the interface items (Text items), check boxes, radio groups etc.,) and boilerplate
objects (boxes, lines, images etc.,) that operators interact with us they run your form . Each canvas views displayed in a window.
08. What are the different modals of windows?
Modalless windows
Modal windows
09. What are modalless windows?
More than one modelless window can be displayed at the same time, and operators can navigate among them if your application allows them to do so . On most GUI platforms, modelless windows can also be layered to appear either in front of or behind other windows.
10. What are modal windows?
Modal windows are usually used as dialogs, and have restricted functionality compared to modelless windows. On some platforms for example operators cannot resize, scroll or iconify a modal window.
11. How do you display console on a window ?
The console includes the status line and message line, and is displayed at the bottom of the window to which it is assigned.
To specify that the console should be displayed, set the console window form property to the name of any window in the form. To include the console, set console window to Null.
12. What is the remove on exit property?
For a modelless window, it determines whether oracle forms hides the window automatically when the operators navigates to an item in the another window.
13. How many windows in a form can have console?
Only one window in a form can display the console, and you cannot chage the console assignment at runtime.
14. Can you have more than one content canvas view attached with a window?
Yes.
Each window you create must have atleast one content canvas view assigned to it. You can also create a window that has manipulate contant canvas view. At run time only one of the content canvas views assign to a window is displayed at a time.
15. What are the different window events activated at runtimes?
When_window_activated
When_window_closed
When_window_deactivated
When_window_resized
Within this triggers, you can examine the built in system variable system.event_window to determine the name of the window for which the trigger fired.
Modules
27. What are different types of modules available in oracle form?
Form module - a collection of objects and code routines
Menu modules - a collection of menus and menu item commands that together make up an application menu
library module - a collectio of user named procedures, functions and packages that can be called from other modules in the application
18. What are the default extensions of the files careated by forms modules?
.fmb - form module binary
.fmx - form module executable
19. What are the default extentions of the files created by menu module?
.mmb, .mmx
20 What are the default extension of the files created by library module?
The default file extensions indicate the library module type and storage format
.pll - pl/sql library module binary
Master Detail
21. What is a master detail relationship?
A master detail relationship is an association between two base table blocks- a master block and a detail block. The relationship between the blocks reflects a primary key to foreign key relationship between the tables on which the blocks are based.
22. What is coordination Event?
Any event that makes a different record in the master block the current record is a coordination causing event.
23. What are the two phases of block coordination?
There are two phases of block coordination: the clear phase and the population phase. During, the clear phase, Oracle Forms navigates internally to the detail block and flushes the obsolete detail records. During the population phase, Oracle Forms issues a SELECT statement to repopulate the detail block with detail records associated witjh the new master record. These operations are accomplished through the execution of triggers.
24. What are Most Common types of Complex master-detail relationships?
There are three most common types of complex master-detail relationships:
master with dependent details
master with independent details
detail with two masters
25. What are the different types of Delete details we can establish in Master-Details?
Cascade
Isolate
Non-isolote
26. What are the different defaust triggers created when Master Deletes Property is set to Non-isolated?
Master Delets Property Resulting Triggers
----------------------------------------------------
Non-Isolated(the default) On-Check-Delete-Master
On-Clear-Details
On-Populate-Details
26. Whar are the different default triggers created when Master Deletes Property is set to Cascade?
Ans: Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers
---------------------------------------------------
Cascading On-Clear-Details
On-Populate-Details
Pre-delete
28. What are the different default triggers created when Master Deletes Property is set to isolated?
Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers
---------------------------------------------------
Isolated On-Clear-Details
On-Populate-Details
29. What are the Coordination Properties in a Master-Detail relationship?
The coordination properties are
Deferred
Auto-Query
These Properties determine when the population phase of block
coordination should occur.
30. What are the different types of Coordinations of the Master with the Detail block?
42. What is the User-Named Editor?
A user named editor has the same text editing functionality as the default editor, but, becaue it is a named object, you can specify editor attributes such as windows display size, position, and title.
43. What are the Built-ins to display the user-named editor?
A user named editor can be displayed programmatically with the built in procedure SHOW-EDITOR, EDIT_TETITEM independent of any particular text item.
44. What is the difference between SHOW_EDITOR and EDIT_TEXTITEM?
Show editor is the generic built_in which accepts any editor name and takes some input string and returns modified output string. Whereas the edit_textitem built_in needs the input focus to be in the text item before the built_in is excuted.
45. What is an LOV?
An LOV is a scrollable popup window that provides the operator with either a single or multi column selection list.
46. What is the basic data structure that is required for creating an LOV?
Record Group.
47. What is the "LOV of Validation" Property of an item? What is the use of it?
When LOV for Validation is set to True, Oracle Forms compares the current value of the text item to the values in the first column displayed in the LOV.
Whenever the validation event occurs.
If the value in the text item matches one of the values in the first column of the LOV, validation succeeds, the LOV is not displayed, and processing continues normally.
If the value in the text item does not match one of the values in the first column of the LOV, Oracle Forms displays the LOV and uses the text item value as the search criteria to automatically reduce the list.
48. What are the built_ins used the display the LOV?
Show_lov
List_values
49. What are the built-ins that are used to Attach an LOV programmatically to an item?
set_item_property
get_item_property
(by setting the LOV_NAME property)
50. What are the built-ins that are used for setting the LOV properties at runtime?
get_lov_property
set_lov_property
51. What is a record group?
A record group is an internal Oracle Forms that structure that hs a column/row framework similar to a database table. However, unlike database tables, record groups are separate objects that belong to the form module which they are defined.
52. How many number of columns a record group can have?
A record group can have an unlimited number of columns of type CHAR, LONG, NUMBER, or DATE provided that the total number of column does not exceed 64K.
53. What is the Maximum allowed length of Record group Column?
Record group column names cannot exceed 30 characters.
54. What are the different types of Record Groups?
Query Record Groups
NonQuery Record Groups
State Record Groups
55. What is a Query Record Group?
A query record group is a record group that has an associated SELECT statement. The columns in a query record group derive their default names, data types, had lengths from the database columns referenced in the SELECT statement. The records in query record group are the rows retrieved by the query associated with that record group.
56. What is a Non Query Record Group?
A non-query record group is a group that does not have an associated query, but whose structure and values can be modified programmatically at runtime.
57. What is a Static Record Group?
A static record group is not associated with a query, rather, you define its structure and row values at design time, and they remain fixed at runtime.
58. What are the built-ins used for Creating and deleting groups?
CREATE-GROUP (function)
CREATE_GROUP_FROM_QUERY(function)
DELETE_GROUP(procedure)
59.What are the built -ins used for Modifying a group's structure?
ADD-GROUP_COLUMN (function)
ADD_GROUP_ROW (procedure)
DELETE_GROUP_ROW(procedure)
60. POPULATE_GROUP(function)
POPULATE_GROUP_WITH_QUERY(function)
SET_GROUP_CHAR_CELL(procedure)
SET_GROUP_DATE_CELL(procedure)
SET_GROUP_NUMBER_CELL(procedure)
61. What are the built-ins used for Getting cell values?
GET_GROUP_CHAR_CELL (function)
GET_GROUP_DATE_CELL(function)
GET_GROUP_NUMBET_CELL(function)
62. What are built-ins used for Processing rows?
GET_GROUP_ROW_COUNT(function)
GET_GROUP_SELECTION_COUNT(function)
GET_GROUP_SELECTION(function)
RESET_GROUP_SELECTION(procedure)
SET_GROUP_SELECTION(procedure)
UNSET_GROUP_SELECTION(procedure)
63. What are the built-ins used for finding Object ID function?
FIND_GROUP(function)
FIND_COLUMN(function)
64. Use the ADD_GROUP_COLUMN function to add a column to a record group that was created at design time.
I) TRUE II)FALSE
II) FALSE
65. Use the ADD_GROUP_ROW procedure to add a row to a static record group
I) TRUE II)FALSE
I) FALSE
61. What are the built-in used for getting cell values?
Get_group_char_cell(function)
Get_group_date_cell(function)
Get_group_number_cell(function)
62. What are the built-ins used for processing rows?
Get_group_row_count(function)
Get_group_selection_count(function)
Get_group_selection(function)
Reset_group_selection(procedure)
Set_group_selection(procedure)
Unset_group_selection(procedure)
63. What are the built-ins used for finding object ID functions?
Find_group(function)
Find_column(function)
64. Use the add_group_column function to add a column to record group that was created at a design time?
False.
65. Use the Add_group_row procedure to add a row to a static record group 1. true or false?
False.
parameters
66. What are parameters?
Parameters provide a simple mechanism for defining and setting the values
of inputs that are required by a form at startup. Form parameters are variables of type char,number,date that you define at design time.
67. What are the Built-ins used for sending Parameters to forms?
You can pass parameter values to a form when an application executes the call_form, New_form, Open_form or Run_product.
68. What is the maximum no of chars the parameter can store?
The maximum no of chars the parameter can store is only valid for char parameters, which can be upto 64K. No parameters default to 23Bytes and Date parameter default to 7Bytes.
69. How do you call other Oracle Products from Oracle Forms?
Run_product is a built-in, Used to invoke one of the supported oracle tools products and specifies the name of the document or module to be run. If the called product is unavailable at the time of the call, Oracle Forms returns a message to the opertor.
70. How do you reference a Parameter?
In Pl/Sql, You can reference and set the values of form parameters using bind variables syntax. Ex. PARAMETER name = '' or :block.item = PARAMETER
Parameter name
71. How do you reference a parameter indirectly?
To indirectly reference a parameter use the NAME IN, COPY 'built-ins to indirectly set and reference the parameters value' Example name_in ('capital parameter my param'), Copy ('SURESH','Parameter my_param')
72. What are the different Parameter types?
Text Parameters
Data Parameters
73. When do you use data parameter type?
When the value of a data parameter being passed to a called product is always the name of the record group defined in the current form. Data parameters are used to pass data to produts invoked with the run_product built-in subprogram.
74. Can you pass data parametrs to forms?
No.
DATA ACCESS
90. Define Transaction ?
A Transaction is a logical unit of work that comprises one or more SQL statements executed by a single user.
91. When does a Transaction end ?
When it is committed or Rollbacked.
92. What does COMMIT do ?
COMMIT makes permanent the changes resulting from all SQL statements in the transaction. The changes made by the SQL statements of a transaction become visible to other user sessions transactions that start only after transaction is committed.
93. What does ROLLBACK do ?
ROLLBACK retracts any of the changes resulting from the SQL statements in the transaction.
94. What is SAVE POINT ?
For long transactions that contain many SQL statements, intermediate markers or savepoints can be declared which can be used to divide a transaction into smaller parts. This allows the option of later rolling back all work performed from the current point in the transaction to a declared savepoint within the transaction.
95. What is Read-Only Transaction ?
A Read-Only transaction ensures that the results of each query executed in the transaction are consistant with respect to the same point in time.
96. What is the function of Optimizer ?
The goal of the optimizer is to choose the most efficient way to execute a SQL statement.
97. What is Execution Plan ?
The combinations of the steps the optimizer chooses to execute a statement is called an execution plan.
98. What are the different approaches used by Optimizer in choosing an execution plan ?
Rule-based and Cost-based.
99. What are the factors that affect OPTIMIZER in choosing an Optimization approach ?
The OPTIMIZER_MODE initialization parameter Statistics in the Data Dictionary the OPTIMIZER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION command hints in the statement.
100. What are the values that can be specified for OPTIMIZER MODE Parameter ?
COST and RULE.
101. Will the Optimizer always use COST-based approach if OPTIMIZER_MODE is set to "Cost'?
Presence of statistics in the data dictionary for atleast one of the tables accessed by the SQL statements is necessary for the OPTIMIZER to use COST-based approach. Otherwise OPTIMIZER chooses RULE-based approach.
102. What is the effect of setting the value of OPTIMIZER_MODE to 'RULE' ?
This value causes the optimizer to choose the rule_based approach for all SQL statements issued to the instance regardless of the presence of statistics.
103. What are the values that can be specified for OPTIMIZER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION Command ?
CHOOSE,ALL_ROWS,FIRST_ROWS and RULE.
104. What is the effect of setting the value "CHOOSE" for OPTIMIZER_GOAL, parameter of the ALTER SESSION Command ?
The Optimizer chooses Cost_based approach and optimizes with the goal of best throughput if statistics for atleast one of the tables accessed by the SQL statement exist in the data dictionary. Otherwise the OPTIMIZER chooses RULE_based approach.
105. What is the effect of setting the value "ALL_ROWS" for OPTIMIZER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION command ?
This value causes the optimizer to the cost-based approach for all SQL statements in the session regardless of the presence of statistics and to optimize with a goal of best throughput.
106. What is the effect of setting the value 'FIRST_ROWS' for OPTIMIZER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION command ?
This value causes the optimizer to use the cost-based approach for all SQL statements in the session regardless of the presence of statistics and to optimize with a goal of best response time.
107. What is the effect of setting the 'RULE' for OPTIMIER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION Command ?
This value causes the optimizer to choose the rule-based approach for all SQL statements in a session regardless of the presence of statistics.
108. What is RULE-based approach to optimization ?
Choosing an executing planbased on the access paths available and the ranks of these access paths.
109. What is COST-based approach to optimization ?
Considering available access paths and determining the most efficient execution plan based on statistics in the data dictionary for the tables accessed by the statement and their associated clusters and indexes.
PROGRAMMATIC CONSTRUCTS
110. What are the different types of PL/SQL program units that can be defined and stored in ORACLE database ?
Procedures and Functions,Packages and Database Triggers.
111. What is a Procedure ?
A Procedure consist of a set of SQL and PL/SQL statements that are grouped together as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.
112. What is difference between Procedures and Functions ?
A Function returns a value to the caller where as a Procedure does not.
113. What is a Package ?
A Package is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables and other package constructs together as a unit in the database.
114. What are the advantages of having a Package ?
Increased functionality (for example,global package variables can be declared and used by any proecdure in the package) and performance (for example all objects of the package are parsed compiled, and loaded into memory once)
115. What is Database Trigger ?
A Database Trigger is procedure (set of SQL and PL/SQL statements) that is automatically executed as a result of an insert in,update to, or delete from a table.
116. What are the uses of Database Trigger ?
Database triggers can be used to automatic data generation, audit data modifications, enforce complex Integrity constraints, and customize complex security authorizations.
117. What are the differences between Database Trigger and Integrity constraints ?
A declarative integrity constraint is a statement about the database that is always true. A constraint applies to existing data in the table and any statement that manipulates the table.
A trigger does not apply to data loaded before the definition of the trigger, therefore, it does not guarantee all data in a table conforms to the rules established by an associated trigger.
A trigger can be used to enforce transitional constraints where as a declarative integrity constraint cannot be used.
DATABASE SECURITY
118. What are Roles ?
Roles are named groups of related privileges that are granted to users or other roles.
119. What are the use of Roles ?
REDUCED GRANTING OF PRIVILEGES - Rather than explicitly granting the same set of privileges to many users a database administrator can grant the privileges for a group of related users granted to a role and then grant only the role to each member of the group.
DYNAMIC PRIVILEGE MANAGEMENT - When the privileges of a group must change, only the privileges of the role need to be modified. The security domains of all users granted the group's role automatically reflect the changes made to the role.
SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY OF PRIVILEGES - The roles granted to a user can be selectively enable (available for use) or disabled (not available for use). This allows specific control of a user's privileges in any given situation.
APPLICATION AWARENESS - A database application can be designed to automatically enable and disable selective roles when a user attempts to use the application.
120. How to prevent unauthorized use of privileges granted to a Role ?
By creating a Role with a password.
121. What is default tablespace ?
The Tablespace to contain schema objects created without specifying a tablespace name.
122. What is Tablespace Quota ?
The collective amount of disk space available to the objects in a schema on a particular tablespace.
123. What is a profile ?
Each database user is assigned a Profile that specifies limitations on various system resources available to the user.
124. What are the system resources that can be controlled through Profile ?
The number of concurrent sessions the user can establish the CPU processing time available to the user's session the CPU processing time available to a single call to ORACLE made by a SQL statement the amount of logical I/O available to the user's session the amout of logical I/O available to a single call to ORACLE made by a SQL statement the allowed amount of idle time for the user's session the allowed amount of connect time for the user's session.
125. What is Auditing ?
Monitoring of user access to aid in the investigation of database use.
126. What are the different Levels of Auditing ?
Statement Auditing, Privilege Auditing and Object Auditing.
127. What is Statement Auditing ?
Statement auditing is the auditing of the powerful system privileges without regard to specifically named objects.
128. What is Privilege Auditing ?
Privilege auditing is the auditing of the use of powerful system privileges without regard to specifically named objects.
129. What is Object Auditing ?
Object auditing is the auditing of accesses to specific schema objects without regard to user.
DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTED DATABASES
130. What is Distributed database ?
A distributed database is a network of databases managed by multiple database servers that appears to a user as single logical database. The data of all databases in the distributed database can be simultaneously accessed and modified.
131. What is Two-Phase Commit ?
Two-phase commit is mechanism that guarantees a distributed transaction either commits on all involved nodes or rolls back on all involved nodes to maintain data consistency across the global distributed database. It has two phase, a Prepare Phase and a Commit Phase.
132. Describe two phases of Two-phase commit ?
Prepare phase - The global coordinator (initiating node) ask a participants to prepare (to promise to commit or rollback the transaction, even if there is a failure)
Commit - Phase - If all participants respond to the coordinator that they are prepared, the coordinator asks all nodes to commit the transaction, if all participants cannot prepare, the coordinator asks all nodes to roll back the transaction.
133. What is the mechanism provided by ORACLE for table replication ?
Snapshots and SNAPSHOT LOGs
134. What is a SNAPSHOT ?
Snapshots are read-only copies of a master table located on a remote node which is periodically refreshed to reflect changes made to the master table.
135. What is a SNAPSHOT LOG ?
A snapshot log is a table in the master database that is associated with the master table. ORACLE uses a snapshot log to track the rows that have been updated in the master table. Snapshot logs are used in updating the snapshots based on the master table.
136. What is a SQL * NET?
SQL *NET is ORACLE's mechanism for interfacing with the communication protocols used by the networks that facilitate distributed processing and distributed databases. It is used in Clint-Server and Server-Server communications.
DATABASE OPERATION, BACKUP AND RECOVERY
137. What are the steps involved in Database Startup ?
Start an instance, Mount the Database and Open the Database.
138. What are the steps involved in Database Shutdown ?
Close the Database, Dismount the Database and Shutdown the Instance.
139. What is Restricted Mode of Instance Startup ?
An instance can be started in (or later altered to be in) restricted mode so that when the database is open connections are limited only to those whose user accounts have been granted the RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege.
140. What are the different modes of mounting a Database with the Parallel Server ?